Men have a statistically higher risk of metabolic and cardiovascular disease than
premenopausal women, but the mechanisms mediating these differences are elusive.
Chronic inflammation during obesity contributes to disease risk and is significantly more
robust in males. Prior work demonstrated that compared with obese males, obese females
have reduced proinflammatory adipose tissue macrophages (ATMs). Given the paucity of
data on how sex hormones contribute to macrophage responses in obesity, we sought to …